RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Despite the reduction of poverty in Perú, the prevalence of anemia in the country remains high. OBJECTIVE: To identify socio-demographic, child and maternal-child care factors associated with anemia in children between 6 and 35 months in Perú. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an analytical and descriptive study that included registered data from the national survey on demography and family health, 2007-2013, on children between 6 and 35 months old, including the measurement of blood hemoglobin. Anemia was confirmed by hemoglobin-altitude corrected values below 11 mg/dl. We used multivariate logistic regression models to assess potential associated factors for anemia. RESULTS: Anemia prevalence was high (47.9%). Twelve factors were independently associated with anemia in children: Socio-demographic factors such as living outside Lima and Callao, in a low socioeconomic household, and having an adolescent mother with low education level; child-related factors as being male, younger than 24 months of age, and having fever in the previous two weeks, and maternal-child care factors such as lack of prenatal control in the first trimester of pregnancy, lack or short period of iron supplementation during pregnancy, house delivery, anemia detection at the moment of the survey, and lack of intestinal anti-parasite preventive treatment in the child. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of survey data provided valuable information about factors associated with anemia in children between 6 and 35 months, which can be used to increase the coverage and effectiveness of maternal-child care practices.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinas/química , Criança , Humanos , Mães , Peru , Pobreza , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Introducción. A pesar de la disminución de la pobreza en Perú, la prevalencia de la anemia infantil en el país continúa siendo alta. Objetivo. Determinar los factores sociodemográficos y las características del cuidado materno-infantil asociadas con la anemia en niños de seis a 35 meses de edad en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional que incluyó los datos sobre hemoglobina sanguínea registrados en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), 2007-2013, en niños entre los seis y los 35 meses de edad. Mediante un análisis multivariado de regresión logística, se identificaron los factores asociados con la anemia, definida como una hemoglobina corregida por altitud, menor de 11 mg/dl. Resultados. La prevalencia de anemia fue alta (47,9 %). Se identificaron doce factores asociados con la anemia: factores sociodemográficos como vivir fuera de Lima y Callao; en un hogar con bajo nivel socioeconómico; tener una madre adolescente y con bajo nivel educativo; ser de sexo masculino con edad menor de 24 meses y antecedentes de fiebre reciente, y factores relacionados con el cuidado materno-infantil como la falta de control prenatal en el primer trimestre, la falta de suplemento de hierro durante el embarazo o administrado durante un periodo breve, parto en el domicilio, diagnóstico de anemia en la madre en el momento de la encuesta y ausencia de tratamiento antiparasitario preventivo en el niño. Conclusiones. La ENDES proporcionó información valiosa sobre los factores asociados con la anemia en niños de seis a 35 meses, cuyo conocimiento debe mejorar la cobertura y la efectividad de prácticas adecuadas de cuidado materno-infantil.
Introduction: Despite the reduction of poverty in Perú, the prevalence of anemia in the country remains high. Objective: To identify socio-demographic, child and maternal-child care factors associated with anemia in children between 6 and 35 months in Perú. Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical and descriptive study that included registered data from the national survey on demography and family health, 2007-2013, on children between 6 and 35 months old, including the measurement of blood hemoglobin. Anemia was confirmed by hemoglobin-altitude corrected values below 11 mg/dl. We used multivariate logistic regression models to assess potential associated factors for anemia. Results: Anemia prevalence was high (47.9%). Twelve factors were independently associated with anemia in children: Socio-demographic factors such as living outside Lima and Callao, in a low socioeconomic household, and having an adolescent mother with low education level; child-related factors as being male, younger than 24 months of age, and having fever in the previous two weeks, and maternal-child care factors such as lack of prenatal control in the first trimester of pregnancy, lack or short period of iron supplementation during pregnancy, house delivery, anemia detection at the moment of the survey, and lack of intestinal anti-parasite preventive treatment in the child. Conclusions: The analysis of survey data provided valuable information about factors associated with anemia in children between 6 and 35 months, which can be used to increase the coverage and effectiveness of maternal-child care practices.
